Titre : Rising Rates of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Leading to Liver Transplantation in Baby Boomer Generation with Chronic Hepatitis C
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Rising Rates of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Leading to Liver Transplantation in Baby Boomer Generation with Chronic Hepatitis C
Rising Rates of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Leading to Liver Transplantation in Baby Boomer Generation with Chronic Hepatitis C, Alcohol Liver Disease, and Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis-Related Liver DiseaseGeorge Cholankeril 1, Eric R. Yoo 2, Ryan B. Perumpail 3, Andy Liu 4, Jeevin S. Sandhu 1, Satheesh Nair 5, Menghan Hu 6 and Aijaz Ahmed 1,*
Received: 28 August 2017 / Accepted: 25 September 2017 / Published: 26 September 2017
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Abstract
We aim to study the impact of the baby boomer (BB) generation, a birth-specific cohort (born 1945–1965) on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)-related liver transplantation (LT) in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV), alcoholic liver disease (ALD), and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). We performed a retrospective analysis using the United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS)/Organ Procurement Transplant Network (OPTN) database from 2003 to 2014 to compare HCC-related liver transplant surgery trends between two cohorts—the BB and non-BB—with a secondary diagnosis of HCV, ALD, or NASH. From 2003–2014, there were a total of 8313 liver transplant recipients for the indication of HCC secondary to HCV, ALD, or NASH. Of the total, 6658 (80.1%) HCC-related liver transplant recipients were BB. The number of liver transplant surgeries for the indication of HCC increased significantly in NASH (+1327%), HCV (+382%), and ALD (+286%) during the study period. The proportion of BB who underwent LT for HCC was the highest in HCV (84.7%), followed by NASH (70.3%) and ALD (64.7%). The recommendations for birth-cohort specific HCV screening stemmed from a greater understanding of the high prevalence of chronic HCV and HCV-related HCC within BB. The rising number of HCC-related LT among BB with ALD and NASH suggests the need for increased awareness and improved preventative screening/surveillance measures within NASH and ALD cohorts as well.
HCV | NASH | ALD | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
BB † | Overall | Percent | BB | Overall | Percent | BB | Overall | Percent | |
2003 | 149 | 216 | 69.0% | 11 | 19 | 57.9% | 22 | 37 | 59.5% |
2004 | 167 | 224 | 74.6% | 20 | 38 | 52.6% | 16 | 33 | 48.5% |
2005 | 218 | 297 | 73.4% | 22 | 47 | 46.8% | 28 | 59 | 47.5% |
2006 | 271 | 351 | 77.2% | 37 | 71 | 52.1% | 36 | 75 | 48.0% |
2007 | 373 | 461 | 80.9% | 54 | 90 | 60.0% | 38 | 85 | 44.7% |
2008 | 427 | 505 | 84.6% | 80 | 124 | 64.5% | 48 | 79 | 60.8% |
2009 | 460 | 540 | 85.2% | 96 | 151 | 63.6% | 56 | 76 | 73.7% |
2010 | 492 | 585 | 84.1% | 101 | 132 | 76.5% | 45 | 66 | 68.2% |
2011 | 567 | 632 | 89.7% | 91 | 128 | 71.1% | 81 | 107 | 75.7% |
2012 | 619 | 707 | 87.6% | 127 | 168 | 75.6% | 77 | 106 | 72.6% |
2013 | 646 | 722 | 89.5% | 153 | 191 | 80.1% | 69 | 92 | 75.0% |
2014 | 719 | 794 | 90.6% | 157 | 191 | 82.2% | 85 | 114 | 74.6% |
Total | 5108 | 6034 | 84.7% | 949 | 1350 | 70.3% | 601 | 929 | 64.7% |
APC ‡ | +2.6% | +3.5% | +2.1% |
† BB = Baby Boomer; ‡ APC = Annual Percent Change.
HCV | NASH | ALD | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
BB n = 5108 |
Non-BB n = 926 |
p | BB n = 949 |
Non-BB n = 401 |
p | BB n = 601 |
Non-BB n = 328 |
p | |
Age, median | 57 | 66 | <0.01 | 59 | 67 | <0.01 | 58 | 67 | <0.01 |
Gender | |||||||||
Male | 80.3% | 66.1% | <0.01 | 73.0% | 65.1% | <0.01 | 90.5% | 89.6% | 0.67 |
Ethnicity | |||||||||
White | 67.7% | 59.1% | <0.01 | 75.9% | 77.6% | 0.50 | 69.6% | 78.7% | <0.01 |
Black | 13.3% | 11.1% | 0.07 | 5.4% | 3.7% | 0.20 | 3.8% | 1.2% | 0.02 |
Hispanic | 13.6% | 17.6% | <0.01 | 14.7% | 14.5% | 0.93 | 14.7% | 14.5% | 0.14 |
Asian | 4.1% | 11.1% | <0.01 | 2.6% | 2.2% | 0.67 | 3.0% | 1.2% | 0.89 |
Other | 9.9% | 1.1% | <0.01 | 1.4% | 2.0% | 0.49 | 8.9% | 4.4% | <0.05 |
HE | 40.2% | 34.8% | <0.01 | 43.4% | 41.4% | <0.50 | 50.3% | 43.9% | 0.09 |
Diabetes | 23.6% | 28.4% | <0.01 | 47.7% | 47.7% | <0.01 | 35.1% | 33.5% | 0.63 |
Ascites | 50.9% | 46.8% | <0.05 | 55.2% | 55.2% | 0.84 | 68.6% | 62.5% | 0.06 |
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